Estresse precoce
As crianças também sofrem em decorrência do número cada vez maior de demandas e cobranças. Saiba como identificar o problema e lidar com ele.
POR ANA FLÁVIA CASTRO
Excesso de cobranças, número significativo de demandas e falta de tempo para lazer parecem problemas exclusivamente dos adultos. No entanto, também são questões que as crianças enfrentam cada vez mais cedo. Todos esses fatores contribuem para o desenvolvimento de um quadro de estresse, e os pequenos, muitas vezes, não sabem como se expressar ou reagir diante do problema.
Segundo a psicóloga clínica infanto juvenil Priscila Dias Pereira, o estresse é um processo natural caracterizado por uma reação que o indivíduo apresenta diante de situações muito difíceis ou conflitantes. Entretanto, começa a exigir atenção quando atinge altos níveis ou se prolonga por muito tempo.
Quanto menores, maior a dificuldade que as crianças sentem para identificar o que está causando o incômodo. Por isso, alterações comportamentais repentinas costumam expressar que existe algo errado. “Na maioria das vezes, eles não conseguem verbalizar o que estão sentindo. Por isso, passam a se comportar de maneira inadequada para mostrar ao adulto que estão passando por algum sofrimento”, relata a psicóloga.
Entre os sintomas observados no consultório, estão gagueira, problemas com o sono, falta ou excesso de apetite, ranger de dentes, enurese noturna (xixi na cama), hiperatividade, tique nervoso e diarreia. Crianças com estresse também podem apresentar terror noturno, medo ou choro excessivo, agressividade, impaciência, ansiedade, dificuldade nas relações interpessoais, desobediência e insegurança. Porém, qualquer um desses comportamentos ou sintomas isoladamente não é a garantia de diagnóstico. É fundamental o acompanhamento de um especialista.
Mil e uma atividades
O quadro é um problema antigo, mas ganha novas particularidades ao longo dos anos. A psicopedagoga infantojuvenil Marina Rampazzo relata que, nas gerações atuais, muitas crianças precisam de ajuda para combater o estresse em decorrência do aumento da competitividade. “Eles já entram na educação infantil com uma série de tarefas, preocupações e demandas que não são características da idade e sentem uma pressão expressiva.”
Parece óbvio, mas as crianças precisam ter tempo para brincar. Os pequenos são cobrados cada vez mais cedo a aprender novas línguas, desenvolver diversas habilidades, e passam a carregar exigências em excesso. O tempo livre se torna escasso tão cedo que passa a ter consequências severas a longo prazo.
Entre os problemas que o estresse infantil reflete no futuro, estão dificuldade de socialização, maior impaciência e irritabilidade. Segundo Marina Rampazzo, são crianças que podem se tornar adolescentes e adultos com dificuldade de relacionamento, mais isoladas, e que podem desenvolver complicações como depressão e ansiedade. “Eles possivelmente serão adultos que sentem a necessidade de cumprir uma série de tarefas que nem sempre dão conta. É um círculo vicioso que pode ser um efeito de estresse e gerar o problema também”, acredita.
O excesso de obrigações não é o único fator que costuma desencadear um quadro de estresse persistente nos pequenos. Outras questões importante são as relacionadas a mudanças de qualquer espécie: de cidade, de escola, morte de alguém próximo, brigas excessivas em casa ou separação dos pais. Cobranças exageradas por parte da família também costumam deixar as crianças mais nervosas.
Terapias alternativas
Quando a criança demonstra incômodo e o problema está instalado, a indicação é procurar um especialista. É necessário avaliar o perfil da família e a gravidade da situação para escolher a melhor forma de resolver a questão. O tratamento, assim como outras atividades voltadas para o público infantil dialoga com o universo lúdico. Jogos, desenhos e outros recursos funcionam melhor quando o assunto é lidar com os pequenos. A orientação dos pais também é fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento.
Marina Rampazzo explica que o cuidado com a qualidade de vida ajuda a reverter o caso e evitar o problema. Atenção a alimentação e ao sono, assim como a prática de atividades físicas são aliadas. “Entrar com medicamentos nem sempre é indicado. A união de psicoterapia, atividades físicas e orientações para uma rotina mais estruturada com momentos lúdicos é a melhor opção”, garante.
Outra opção abordada pela especialista são os tratamentos alternativos, que podem complementar a psicoterapia. Rafaela, 11 anos, sentiu muito a separação dos pais e a mudança de casa e de escola. “Ela estava muito triste, o que se refletiu em vários efeitos negativos, como a queda da imunidade. Foi difícil ter de se adaptar às mudanças, se separar do convívio diário com o pai e a cachorrinha e ter que estabelecer novos vínculos no colégio”, conta a mãe, Rosana Rossi.
A alternativa foi procurar a terapia quântica complementar que desconstrói padrões negativos tratando a energia da criança. O tratamento envolve principalmente os pais, que auxiliam no processo de desconstrução de padrões energéticos comportamentais negativos, identifica traumas, heranças e promove padronização energética. Segundo a terapeuta quântica Vivika Barone, “a terapia quântica complementa outros tratamentos e promove maior equilíbrio emocional e mental.
Rafaela começou a ser acompanhada pela terapeuta quântica e continua com as atividades com a psicopedagoga. Agora, a menina se sente mais confortável e está lidando melhor com o processo de adaptação. “Foi visível a mudança da minha filha. Para ela, a resposta foi bem rápida e as percepções mais fáceis. Ela é mais feliz, tem segurança, firmeza e enfrenta melhor as situações, acredita Rosana.
*Estagiária sob supervisão de Sibele Negramante.
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